C.R.S. Section 13-21-120
Colorado baseball spectator safety act

  • legislative declaration
  • limitation on actions
  • duty to post warning notice

(1)

This section shall be known and may be cited as the “Colorado Baseball Spectator Safety Act of 1993”.

(2)

The general assembly recognizes that persons who attend professional baseball games may incur injuries as a result of the risks involved in being a spectator at such baseball games. However, the general assembly also finds that attendance at such professional baseball games provides a wholesome and healthy family activity which should be encouraged. The general assembly further finds that the state will derive economic benefit from spectators attending professional baseball games. It is therefore the intent of the general assembly to encourage attendance at professional baseball games. Limiting the civil liability of those who own professional baseball teams and those who own stadiums where professional baseball games are played will help contain costs, keeping ticket prices more affordable.

(3)

As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a)

“Owner” means a person, including a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company, who is in lawful possession and control of a professional baseball team or a person, including a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company, who is in lawful possession and control of a stadium in which a professional baseball game is played. “Owner” shall also include the owner’s shareholders, partners, directors, officers, employees, and agents.

(b)

“Professional baseball game” means any baseball game, whether for exhibition or competition, in which the participating baseball teams are members of a league of professional baseball clubs, commonly known as a major league or a minor league, and which teams are comprised of paid baseball players. “Professional baseball game” shall also include pregame activities and shall include any baseball game or pregame activity regardless of the time of day when the game is played.

(c)

“Spectator” means a person who is present at a professional baseball game for the purpose of observing such game, whether or not a fee is paid by such “spectator”.

(4)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

Spectators of professional baseball games are presumed to have knowledge of and to assume the inherent risks of observing professional baseball games, insofar as those risks are obvious and necessary. These risks include, but are not limited to, injuries which result from being struck by a baseball or a baseball bat.

(b)

Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, the assumption of risk set forth in this subsection (4) shall be a complete bar to suit and shall serve as a complete defense to a suit against an owner by a spectator for injuries resulting from the assumed risks, notwithstanding the provisions of sections 13-21-111 and 13-21-111.5. Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, an owner shall not be liable for an injury to a spectator resulting from the inherent risks of attending a professional baseball game, and, except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, no spectator nor spectator’s representative shall make any claim against, maintain an action against, or recover from an owner for injury, loss, or damage to the spectator resulting from any of the inherent risks of attending a professional baseball game.

(c)

Nothing in this section shall preclude a spectator from suing another spectator for any injury to person or property resulting from such other spectator’s acts or omissions.

(5)

Nothing in subsection (4) of this section shall prevent or limit the liability of an owner who:

(a)

Fails to make a reasonable and prudent effort to design, alter, and maintain the premises of the stadium in reasonably safe condition relative to the nature of the game of baseball;

(b)

Intentionally injures a spectator; or

(c)

Fails to post and maintain the warning signs required pursuant to subsection (6) of this section.

(6)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

Every owner of a stadium where professional baseball games are played shall post and maintain signs which contain the warning notice specified in paragraph (b) of this subsection (6). Such signs shall be placed in conspicuous places at the entrances outside the stadium and at stadium facilities where tickets to professional baseball games are sold. The warning notice specified in paragraph (b) of this subsection (6) shall appear on the sign in black letters, with each letter to be a minimum of one inch in height.

(b)

The signs described in paragraph (a) of this subsection (6) shall contain the following warning notice:
WARNING
UNDER COLORADO LAW, A SPECTATOR OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL ASSUMES THE RISK OF ANY INJURY TO PERSON OR PROPERTY RESULTING FROM ANY OF THE INHERENT DANGERS AND RISKS OF SUCH ACTIVITY AND MAY NOT RECOVER FROM AN OWNER OF A BASEBALL TEAM OR AN OWNER OF A STADIUM WHERE PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL IS PLAYED FOR INJURY RESULTING FROM THE INHERENT DANGERS AND RISKS OF OBSERVING PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, BEING STRUCK BY A BASEBALL OR A BASEBALL BAT.

(7)

Insofar as any provision of law or statute is inconsistent with the provisions of this section, this section shall control.

Source: Section 13-21-120 — Colorado baseball spectator safety act - legislative declaration - limitation on actions - duty to post warning notice, https://leg.­colorado.­gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-13.­pdf (accessed Oct. 20, 2023).

13‑21‑101
Interest on damages 13‑21‑102
Exemplary damages 13‑21‑102.5
Limitations on damages for noneconomic loss or injury 13‑21‑103
Damages for selling liquor to an intoxicated person 13‑21‑104
Damages for using animal left for keeping 13‑21‑105
Damages from fire set in woods or prairie - treble damages during drought conditions 13‑21‑105.5
Infant crib safety act - legislative declaration - definitions - safety standards - exemptions - action for damages 13‑21‑106
Broadcasting defamatory statements 13‑21‑106.5
Civil damages for destruction or bodily injury caused by a bias-motivated crime 13‑21‑106.7
Civil damages for preventing passage to and from a health-care facility and engaging in prohibited activity near facility 13‑21‑107
Damages for destruction or bodily injury caused by minors 13‑21‑107.5
Civil damages for loss caused by theft 13‑21‑108
Persons rendering emergency assistance exempt from civil liability 13‑21‑108.1
Persons rendering emergency assistance through the use of automated external defibrillators - limited immunity 13‑21‑108.2
Persons rendering emergency assistance - competitive sports - exemption from civil liability 13‑21‑108.3
Architects, building code officials, professional engineers, and professional land surveyors rendering assistance during emergency or disaster - qualified immunity from civil liability 13‑21‑108.4
Persons rendering emergency assistance from a locked vehicle - exempt from criminal and civil liability - definitions 13‑21‑108.5
Persons rendering assistance relating to discharges of hazardous materials - legislative declaration - exemption from civil liability 13‑21‑108.7
Persons rendering emergency assistance through the administration of an opiate antagonist - limited immunity - legislative declaration - definitions 13‑21‑108.8
Persons furnishing a non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test - limited immunity - definition 13‑21‑109
Recovery of damages for checks, drafts, or orders not paid upon presentment 13‑21‑109.5
Recovery of damages for fraudulent use of social security numbers 13‑21‑110
Medical committee - privileged communication - limitation on liability 13‑21‑111
Negligence cases - comparative negligence as measure of damages 13‑21‑111.5
Civil liability cases - pro rata liability of defendants - respondeat superior - shifting financial responsibility for negligence in construction agreements - legislative declaration 13‑21‑111.6
Civil actions - reduction of damages for payment from collateral source 13‑21‑111.7
Assumption of risk - consideration by trier of fact 13‑21‑111.8
Assumption of risk - shooting ranges 13‑21‑112
Ad damnum clauses in professional liability actions 13‑21‑113
Donation of items of food - exemption from civil and criminal liability - definitions 13‑21‑113.3
Donation of firefighting equipment - exemption from civil and criminal liability - definitions - legislative declaration 13‑21‑113.5
Use of school or nonprofit organization kitchen - exemption from civil and criminal liability 13‑21‑113.7
Immunity of volunteer firefighters, volunteers, incident management teams, and their employers or organizations - definitions - legislative declaration 13‑21‑114
Immunity of mine rescue participants and their employers or organizations 13‑21‑115
Actions against landowners - short title - legislative declaration - definitions 13‑21‑115.5
Volunteer service act - immunity - exception for operation of motor vehicles - short title - legislative declaration - definitions 13‑21‑115.6
Immunity from civil liability for school crossing guards and sponsors 13‑21‑115.7
Immunity from civil liability for directors, officers, or trustees - nonprofit corporations or nonprofit organizations 13‑21‑116
Actions not constituting an assumption of duty - board member immunity - immunity for volunteers assisting organizations for young persons 13‑21‑117
Civil liability - mental health providers - duty to warn - definitions 13‑21‑117.5
Civil liability - intellectual and developmental disability service providers - definitions - repeal 13‑21‑117.7
Civil actions against family foster care providers - limited liability 13‑21‑118
Actions based on flight in aircraft 13‑21‑119
Equine activities - llama activities - legislative declaration - exemption from civil liability 13‑21‑120
Colorado baseball spectator safety act - legislative declaration - limitation on actions - duty to post warning notice 13‑21‑121
Agricultural recreation or agritourism activities - legislative declaration - inherent risks - limitation of civil liability - duty to post warning notice - definitions 13‑21‑122
Civil liability for unlawful use of personal identifying information 13‑21‑122.5
Civil liability for trading in telephone records 13‑21‑124
Civil actions against dog owners 13‑21‑125
Civil actions for theft in the mortgage lending process 13‑21‑126
Funeral picketing - legislative declaration - definitions - damages 13‑21‑127
Civil damages for human trafficking and involuntary servitude 13‑21‑128
Civil liability for destruction or unlawful seizure of recordings by a law enforcement officer - definitions 13‑21‑129
Snow removal service liability limitation - exceptions - short title - definitions 13‑21‑130
Civil liability for false statement to recover possession of real property 13‑21‑131
Civil action for deprivation of rights 13‑21‑132
Civil liability for misuse of gametes - definitions 13‑21‑133
Out-of-state civil action against a person or entity prohibited - legally protected health-care activity - out-of-state civil judgment 13‑21‑201
Damages for death 13‑21‑202
Action notwithstanding death 13‑21‑203
Limitation on damages 13‑21‑203.5
Alternative means of establishing damages - solatium amount 13‑21‑203.7
Adjustments of dollar limitations for effects of inflation 13‑21‑204
Limitation of actions 13‑21‑301
Settlements, releases, and statements of injured persons 13‑21‑401
Definitions 13‑21‑402
Innocent seller 13‑21‑402.5
Product misuse 13‑21‑403
Presumptions 13‑21‑404
Inadmissible evidence 13‑21‑406
Comparative fault as measure of damages 13‑21‑801
Short title 13‑21‑802
Legislative declaration 13‑21‑803
Definitions 13‑21‑804
Damages - persons injured by an individual illegal drug user 13‑21‑805
Nonexclusiveness - exceptions to liability - joinder 13‑21‑806
Comparative negligence 13‑21‑807
Contribution among and recovery from multiple defendants 13‑21‑808
Effect of criminal drug conviction 13‑21‑809
Prejudgment attachment and execution on judgments 13‑21‑810
Statute of limitations 13‑21‑811
Stay of action 13‑21‑812
Nonretroactive 13‑21‑813
Severability 13‑21‑1001
Definitions 13‑21‑1002
Computer dissemination of indecent material to a child - prohibition 13‑21‑1003
Civil penalty - action for recovery - distribution of proceeds - attorney fees 13‑21‑1101
Short title 13‑21‑1102
Legislative declaration 13‑21‑1103
Definitions 13‑21‑1104
Actions against food providers that comply with applicable state and federal laws - exemptions 13‑21‑1105
Pleading requirements 13‑21‑1106
Stay of proceedings pending motion to dismiss 13‑21‑1201
Short title 13‑21‑1202
Legislative declaration 13‑21‑1203
Definitions 13‑21‑1204
Construction 13‑21‑1205
Damages - woman injured by the unlawful termination of a pregnancy 13‑21‑1206
Exceptions to liability 13‑21‑1207
Limitation of actions - three years 13‑21‑1301
Legislative declaration 13‑21‑1302
Jurisdiction over nonresident representatives 13‑21‑1303
Damages 13‑21‑1304
Liquor licensees excepted 13‑21‑1401
Short title 13‑21‑1402
Definitions 13‑21‑1403
Civil action - definitions 13‑21‑1404
Exceptions to liability - definitions 13‑21‑1405
Plaintiff’s privacy 13‑21‑1406
Remedies 13‑21‑1407
Statute of limitations 13‑21‑1408
Construction 13‑21‑1409
Uniformity of application and construction
Green check means up to date. Up to date

Current through Fall 2024

§ 13-21-120’s source at colorado​.gov