C.R.S.
Section 22-32-109.1
Board of education
- specific powers and duties
- safe school plan
- conduct and discipline code
- safe school reporting requirements
- school response framework
- school resource officers
- definitions
(1)
Definitions.(a)
“Action taken” means a specific type of discipline, including but not limited to the following categories of discipline:(I)
In-school suspension;(II)
Out-of-school suspension;(III)
Classroom removal in accordance with board policy;(IV)
Expulsion;(V)
Referral to law enforcement; or(VI)
Any other form of discipline, which shall be officially identified as part of a board policy.(b)
“Bullying” means any written or oral expression, or physical or electronic act or gesture, or a pattern thereof, that is intended to coerce, intimidate, or cause any physical, mental, or emotional harm to any student. Bullying is prohibited against any student for any reason, including but not limited to any such behavior that is directed toward a student on the basis of the student’s academic performance or against whom federal and state laws prohibit discrimination upon any of the bases described in section 22-32-109 (1)(ll)(I)(A). This definition is not intended to infringe upon any right guaranteed to any person by the first amendment to the United States constitution or to prevent the expression of any religious, political, or philosophical views.(b.5)
“Community partners” means, collectively, local fire departments, state and local law enforcement, local 911 agencies, interoperable communications providers, the safe2tell program described in section 24-31-606, C.R.S., local emergency medical service personnel, local mental health organizations, local public health agencies, local emergency management personnel, local or regional homeland security personnel, and school resource officers.(b.7)
“Corporal punishment” has the same meaning as set forth in section 22-1-140.(c)
“Dangerous weapon” has the same meaning as set forth in section 22-33-102 (4).(d)
“Full-time teacher” means a person who is licensed pursuant to article 60.5 of this title, or is authorized pursuant to section 22-60.5-111 to teach, and is primarily engaged in teaching during a majority of the instructional minutes per school day.(e)
“Habitually disruptive student” has the same meaning as set forth in section 22-33-106 (1)(c.5).(e.5)
“Law enforcement” includes any law enforcement agency, law enforcement officer, or school resource officer.(f)
Intentionally left blank —Ed.(I)
“Referral to law enforcement” means a communication between a school administrator, teacher, or other school employee and law enforcement that:(A)
Is initiated by the school administrator, teacher, or other school employee; and(B)
Concerns behavior by a student that the school administrator, teacher, or other school employee believes may constitute a violation of the school conduct and discipline code or a criminal or delinquent offense and for which the school administrator, teacher, or other school employee requests an investigation or other involvement by law enforcement.(II)
“Referral to law enforcement” does not include:(A)
Contact with law enforcement that is made for the purpose of education, prevention, or intervention regarding a student’s behavior;(B)
Routine or incidental communication between a school administrator, teacher, or other school employee and law enforcement; or(C)
Any incident or communication that is initiated by law enforcement.(g)
“Restorative justice” has the same meaning as set forth in section 22-32-144 (3).(g.3)
“School” means a public school of a school district, a charter school, or an institute charter school.(g.5)
“School resource officer” means a peace officer, as described in section 16-2.5-101, C.R.S., who has specialized training, as described in section 24-31-312, C.R.S., to work with school staff and students and who is assigned to a public school or charter school for the purpose of creating a safe learning environment and responding to all-hazard threats that may impact the school.(h)
“School vehicle” shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 42-1-102 (88.5), C.R.S.(1.5)
Mission statement.(2)
Safe school plan.(a)
Conduct and discipline code.(I)
A concisely written conduct and discipline code that must be enforced uniformly, fairly, and consistently for all students. Copies of the code shall be provided to each student upon enrollment at the preschool, elementary, middle, and high school levels and be posted or kept on file at each public school in the school district. The school district shall take reasonable measures to ensure that each student of each public school in the school district is familiar with the code. The code must include, but need not be limited to:(A)
General policies on student conduct, safety, and welfare;(B)
General policies and procedures for dealing with students who cause a disruption on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event, including a specific policy allowing a teacher to remove a disruptive student from his or her classroom. The policy shall state that, upon the third such removal from a teacher’s class, the teacher may remove the disruptive student from the teacher’s class for the remainder of the term of the class; except that a disruptive student shall not be removed from a teacher’s class for the remainder of the term of the class unless the principal of the student’s school or his or her designee has developed and implemented a behavior plan for the student. A behavior plan may be developed after the first such removal from class and shall be developed after the second removal from class. The general policies and procedures shall include a due process procedure, which at a minimum shall require that, as soon as possible after a removal, the teacher or the school principal shall contact the parent or legal guardian of the student to request his or her attendance at a student-teacher conference regarding the removal. Any policy or procedure adopted shall comply with applicable federal and state laws, including but not limited to laws regarding students with disabilities.(C)
Provisions for the initiation of suspension or expulsion proceedings for students who qualify as habitually disruptive students;(D)
Policies and procedures for the use of acts of reasonable and appropriate physical intervention or force in dealing with disruptive students; except that a board shall not adopt a discipline code that includes provisions that are in conflict with the description of child abuse in section 18-6-401 (1) or 19-1-103 (1). Each conduct and discipline code must state that, in accordance with section 22-1-140, a person employed by or volunteering in a public school shall not impose corporal punishment on a child.(E)
General policies and procedures for determining the circumstances under and the manner in which disciplinary actions, including suspension and expulsion, shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of sections 22-33-105, 22-33-106, and 22-33-106.1;(F)
A specific policy concerning gang-related activities on school grounds, in school vehicles, and at school activities or sanctioned events;(G)
Written prohibition, consistent with section 22-33-106, of students from bringing or possessing dangerous weapons, drugs, or other controlled substances on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event and from using drugs or other controlled substances on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(H)
Written prohibition of students from using or possessing tobacco products on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(I)
A written policy concerning searches on school grounds, including searches of student lockers;(J)
A dress code policy that prohibits students from wearing apparel that is deemed disruptive to the classroom environment or to the maintenance of a safe and orderly school. The dress code policy may require students to wear a school uniform or may establish minimum standards of dress;(K)
On and after August 8, 2001, a specific policy concerning bullying prevention and education. Each school district shall ensure that the school district’s policy, at a minimum, incorporates the approaches, policies, and practices outlined in the model bullying prevention and education policy developed pursuant to section 22-2-144.(L)
Information concerning the school district’s policies for the use of restraint and seclusion on students, including a reference to section 26-20-111 and information concerning the process for filing a complaint regarding the use of restraint or seclusion, as such process is set forth by rule of the state board pursuant to section 22-32-147.(II)
In creating and enforcing a school conduct and discipline code pursuant to subsection (2)(a)(I) of this section, each school district board of education, on and after August 1, 2013, shall:(A)
Impose proportionate disciplinary interventions and consequences, including but not limited to in-school suspensions, in response to student misconduct, which interventions and consequences are designed to reduce the number of expulsions, out-of-school suspensions, and referrals to law enforcement, except for such referrals to law enforcement as are required by state or federal law;(B)
Include plans for the appropriate use of prevention, intervention, restorative justice, peer mediation, counseling, or other approaches to address student misconduct, which approaches are designed to minimize student exposure to the criminal and juvenile justice system. The plans shall state that a school administration shall not order a victim’s participation in a restorative justice practice or peer mediation if the alleged victim of an offending student’s misconduct alleges that the misconduct constitutes unlawful sexual behavior, as defined in section 16-22-102 (9), C.R.S.; a crime in which the underlying factual basis involves domestic violence, as defined in section 18-6-800.3 (1), C.R.S.; stalking as defined in section 18-3-602, C.R.S.; or violation of a protection order, as defined in section 18-6-803.5, C.R.S.;(C)
Ensure that the implementation of the code complies with all state and federal laws concerning the education of students with disabilities, as defined in section 22-20-103 (5);(D)
Ensure that, in implementing the code, each school of the school district shows due consideration of the impact of certain violations of the code upon victims of such violations, in accordance with the provisions of Title IX of the United States Code and other state and federal laws; and(E)
Ensure that, in implementing the code, each school of the school district complies with the requirements of section 22-33-106.1.(b)
Safe school reporting requirements.(I)
The total enrollment for the school;(II)
The average daily attendance rate at the school;(III)
Dropout rates for grades seven through twelve, if such grades are taught at the school;(IV)
The number of conduct and discipline code violations. Each violation must be reported only in the most serious category that is applicable to that violation, including but not limited to specific information identifying the number of, and the action taken with respect to, each of the following types of violations:(A)
Possessing a dangerous weapon on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event without the authorization of the school or the school district;(B)
Use or possession of alcohol on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(C)
Use, possession, or sale of a drug or controlled substance, other than marijuana, on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(C.5)
The unlawful use, possession, or sale of marijuana on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(D)
Use or possession of a tobacco product on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event;(E)
Being willfully disobedient or openly and persistently defiant or repeatedly interfering with the school’s ability to provide educational opportunities to, and a safe environment for, other students. In addition to providing information on such disciplinary incidents in the compiled report required by this subsection (2)(b), the report filing must include any additional information deemed necessary by the department of education pursuant to the process required pursuant to section 22-1-138. Information included in reporting for incidents currently categorized as disobedience or defiance may include, but is not limited to, school and district code; location of incidents; description of the behaviors that constituted the violations; interventions or de-escalation strategies attempted leading up to the incident; and descriptive information of the student or students involved in the incidents, including, but not limited to, gender, grade level, ethnicity, race, and whether the student has federal section 504 accommodations or an individualized education plan. Information on the report must be submitted in accordance with the department of education’s data privacy and reporting requirements.(F)
Commission of an act on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event that, if committed by an adult, would be considered first degree assault, as described in section 18-3-202, C.R.S., second degree assault, as described in section 18-3-203, C.R.S., or vehicular assault, as described in section 18-3-205, C.R.S.;(G)
Behavior on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event that is detrimental to the welfare or safety of other students or of school personnel, including but not limited to behavior that creates a threat of physical or emotional harm to the student or to other students;(G.5)
Bullying;(H)
Willful destruction or defacement of school property;(I)
Commission of an act on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event that, if committed by an adult, would be considered third degree assault, as described in section 18-3-204, C.R.S., or disorderly conduct, as described in section 18-9-106 (1)(d), C.R.S., but not disorderly conduct involving firearms or other deadly weapons, as described in section 18-9-106 (1)(e) and (1)(f), C.R.S.;(J)
Commission of an act on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event that, if committed by an adult, would be considered robbery; and(K)
Other violations of the code of conduct and discipline that resulted in documentation of the conduct in a student’s record. In addition to providing information on such disciplinary incidents in the compiled report required by this subsection (2)(b), the report filing must include any additional information deemed necessary by the department of education pursuant to the process required pursuant to section 22-1-138. Information included in reporting for incidents currently categorized as disobedience or defiance may include, but is not limited to, school and district code; location of the incidents; description of the behaviors that constituted the violations; interventions or de-escalation strategies attempted leading up to the incidents; and descriptive information of the student or students involved in the incidents, including, but not limited to, gender, grade level, ethnicity, race, and whether the student has federal section 504 accommodations or an individualized education plan. Information on the report must be submitted in accordance with the department of education’s data privacy and reporting requirements.(V)
and (VI)(Deleted by amendment, L. 2012.)(VII) The average class size for each public elementary school, middle school or junior high school, and senior high school in the state calculated as the total number of students enrolled in the school divided by the number of full-time teachers in the school;(VIII)
The school’s policy concerning bullying prevention and education, including information related to the development and implementation of any bullying prevention programs; and(IX)
The number of acts of sexual violence on school grounds, in a school vehicle, or at a school activity or sanctioned event. Any information provided as a part of this subparagraph (IX) for the safe school reporting requirements must be reported as aggregate data and must not include any personally identifying information. For the purposes of this subparagraph (IX), “sexual violence” means a physical sexual act perpetrated against a person’s will or where a person is incapable of giving consent.(b.5)
In addition to the items specified in subsection (2)(b) of this section, each school district board of education or institute charter school board for a charter school authorized by the charter school institute shall annually review and submit data to the department of education concerning the number and types of disciplinary incidents and the disciplinary actions taken in response to such incidents. The department of education shall collect the data described in subsection (2)(b)(IV) of this section at the individual student level and report disaggregated student data on the type of disciplinary incidents and action taken. Such student data must be disaggregated by gender, grade level, race, ethnicity, disability, whether the student has federal section 504 accommodations or an individualized education plan, English language learner status, free and reduced-price lunch status, and homeless status, to the maximum extent possible in compliance with the “Colorado Privacy Act”, established pursuant to part 13 of article 1 of title 6, the federal “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974”, 20 U.S.C. sec. 1232g, and the “Student Data Transparency and Security Act”, created in article 16 of this title 22. The department of education shall not publicly report individual student data for any purpose, shall include the application of data suppression policies to avoid the re-identification of any individual in any public reports, and shall ensure compliance with standards for reporting data for a student with a federal section 504 accommodation or an individualized education plan.(c)
Internet safety plan.(I)
Each school district is encouraged to provide a comprehensive, age-appropriate curriculum that teaches safety in working and interacting on the internet in grades kindergarten through twelve. At a minimum, the curriculum may address the following topics:(A)
Interaction with persons in the cybercommunity;(B)
Personal safety in interacting with persons on the internet;(C)
Recognition and avoidance of online bullying;(D)
Technology, computer virus issues, and ways to avoid computer virus infection;(E)
Predator identification;(F)
Intellectual property, including education concerning plagiarism and techniques to avoid committing plagiarism and laws concerning downloading of copyrighted materials including music;(G)
Privacy and the internet;(H)
Online literacy, including instruction in how to identify credible, factual, trustworthy websites; and(I)
Homeland security issues related to internet use.(II)
Each school district is encouraged to structure the internet safety plan so as to incorporate the internet safety topics into the teaching of the regular classroom curricula, rather than isolating the topics as a separate class. Each school district is encouraged to use available internet safety curricula resources, including but not limited to materials available through nonprofit internet safety foundations that are endorsed by the federal government. Each school district is also encouraged to work with local law enforcement for the jurisdiction in which the school district is located in developing the internet safety curricula, especially with regard to topics that address personal safety on the internet, internet predator identification, privacy issues, and homeland security issues. Each school district is also encouraged to collaborate with parents and teachers in developing the internet safety curricula, including collaborating with district and statewide organizations that represent parents and teachers.(III)
Each school district is encouraged to begin implementing the internet safety plan with the 2005-06 school year and to annually review and, as necessary, revise the plan. Each school district is encouraged to identify a person who is responsible for overseeing implementation of the internet safety plan within each public school of the school district to ensure that each public school complies with the requirements of the plan.(IV)
If a school district chooses to adopt an internet safety plan and to identify a person who is responsible for overseeing implementation of the plan, the person is encouraged to annually submit an internet safety plan implementation report to the school district board of education specifying the level of implementation achieved by each public school of the school district and providing an overview of the internet safety curricula adopted and implemented in each public school of the school district. The school district board of education of each school district that chooses to adopt an internet safety plan is encouraged to submit to the department of education an annual report summarizing the internet safety plan implementation report and is encouraged to make the annual summary report available on the school district website.(2.5)
Intentionally left blank —Ed.(a)
Safe school plan - child sexual abuse and assault prevention plan.(I)
The skills to recognize:(A)
Child sexual abuse and assault;(B)
Boundary violations and unwanted forms of touching and contact; and(C)
Behaviors that an offender uses to groom or desensitize a victim; and(II)
Strategies to:(A)
Promote disclosure;(B)
Reduce self-blame; and(C)
Mobilize bystanders.(b)
Each school district is encouraged to include in the child sexual abuse and assault prevention plan professional development for school personnel and parents in preventing, identifying, and responding to child sexual abuse and assault. Professional development may include providing training in preventing, identifying, and responding to child sexual abuse and assault, including using the child abuse reporting hotline system created pursuant to section 26-5-111, C.R.S., and distributing resources to raise the awareness of school personnel and parents regarding child sexual abuse and assault and preventing child sexual abuse and assault.(c)
A school district is encouraged to use curricula and professional development materials, training, and other resources available from the school safety resource center pursuant to section 24-33.5-1809, C.R.S.(d)
As used in this subsection (2.5), “school personnel” includes teachers, administrators, school resource officers, and other employees of a school district or a public school.(3)
Agreements with state agencies.(a)
Such school teacher or school employee shall file a complaint with the school administration and the board of education.(b)
The school administration shall, after receipt of such report and proof deemed adequate to the school administration, suspend the student for three days, such suspension to be in accordance with the procedures established therefor, and shall initiate procedures for the further suspension or expulsion of the student where injury or property damage has occurred.(c)
The school administration shall report the incident to the district attorney or appropriate local law enforcement, which shall, upon receiving such report, investigate the incident to determine the appropriateness of filing criminal charges or initiating delinquency proceedings.(4)
School response framework - school safety, readiness, and incident management plan.(a)
Intentionally left blank —Ed.(I)
Each school district, on or before July 1, 2009, to establish a date by which each school of the school district shall be in compliance with the requirements of this subsection (4); except that the date may be changed by the school board for cause.(II)
Each school district shall make the dates established pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (a) available to the public upon request.(b)
Each school district to adopt the national response framework released by the federal department of homeland security and NIMS formally through orders or resolutions;(c)
Each school district to institutionalize the incident command system as taught by the emergency management institute of the federal emergency management agency;(d)
Each school district, on or before July 1, 2009, to start to develop a school safety, readiness, and incident management plan, including, to the extent possible, emergency communications, that coordinates with any statewide or local emergency operation plans. In developing the plan, a school district may collaborate with community partners. The school safety, readiness, and incident management plan shall, at a minimum, identify for each public school in the school district:(I)
Safety teams and backups who are responsible for interacting with community partners and assuming key incident command positions; and(II)
Potential locations for various types of operational locations and support functions or facilities;(e)
To the extent possible, each school district to enter into memoranda of understanding with the community partners specifying responsibilities for responding to incidents;(f)
To the extent possible, each public school to create an all-hazard exercise program based on NIMS and to conduct tabletop exercises and other exercises in collaboration with community partners from multiple disciplines and, if possible, multiple jurisdictions to practice and assess preparedness and communications interoperability with community partners;(g)
To the extent possible, each public school, in collaboration with its school district, to hold coordinated exercises among school employees and community partners, including at a minimum:(I)
Orientation meetings to inform all parties about emergency operation plans and procedures;(II)
All-hazard drills, in addition to fire drills, to improve individual and student emergency procedures and to test communications interoperability; and(III)
Tabletop exercises to discuss and identify roles and responsibilities in different scenarios;(h)
Each public school to conduct a written evaluation following the exercises and certain incidents as identified by the school or school district and identify and address lessons learned and corrective actions in updating response plans and procedures;(i)
Each public school, at least every academic term, to inventory emergency equipment and test communications equipment and its interoperability with affected state and local agencies;(j)
Each school district to adopt written procedures for taking action and communicating with local law enforcement agencies, community emergency services, parents, students, and the media in the event of certain incidents as identified by the school or school district;(k)
Key emergency school personnel, including but not limited to safety teams and backups, to complete courses provided by the federal emergency management agency’s emergency management institute or by institutions of higher education in the state system of community and technical colleges;(l)
School district employee safety and incident management training, including provisions stating that completion of any courses identified by the department of public safety pursuant to section 24-33.5-1606.5 (3), C.R.S., as related to NIMS count toward the professional development requirements of a person licensed pursuant to article 60.5 of this title;(m)
Each school district to work with community partners to update and revise all standard operating procedures, ensuring that all aspects of NIMS are incorporated, including but not limited to policies and principles, planning, procedures, training, response, exercises, equipment, evaluation, and corrective actions;(n)
Each school district to coordinate with community partners to assess overall alignment and compliance with NIMS; identify requirements already met; establish a baseline for NIMS compliance; and determine action steps, including developing a plan and timeline, to achieve and maintain all NIMS goals;(o)
Each school district to develop a timeline and strategy for compliance with the requirements of this subsection (4) and to strategically plan, schedule, and conduct all activities with community partners; and(p)
School resource officers to be familiar with the school response framework outlined in this subsection (4), the all-hazard exercise program, and the interoperable communications of the school to which he or she is assigned.(5)
Safety and security policy.(6)
Sharing information.(7)
Open school policy.(8)
Employee screenings.(9)
Immunity.(a)
A school district board of education or a teacher or any other person acting in good faith in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of this section in carrying out the powers or duties authorized by said subsection shall be immune from criminal prosecution or civil liability for such actions; except that a teacher or any other person acting willfully or wantonly in violation of said subsection shall not be immune from criminal prosecution or civil liability pursuant to said subsection. A teacher or any other person claiming immunity from criminal prosecution under this paragraph (a) may file a motion that shall be heard prior to trial. At the hearing, the teacher or other person claiming immunity shall bear the burden of establishing the right to immunity by a preponderance of the evidence.(b)
A teacher or any other person acting in good faith and in compliance with the conduct and discipline code adopted by the board of education pursuant to paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section shall be immune from civil liability; except that a person acting willfully and wantonly shall not be immune from liability pursuant to this paragraph (b). The court shall dismiss any civil action resulting from actions taken by a teacher or any other person pursuant to the conduct and discipline code adopted by the board of education pursuant to paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section upon a finding by the court that the person acted in good faith and in compliance with such conduct and discipline code and was therefore immune from civil liability pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (9). The court shall award court costs and reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in such a civil action.(c)
If a teacher or any other person does not claim or is not granted immunity from criminal prosecution pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (9) and a criminal action is brought against a teacher or any other person for actions taken pursuant to the conduct and discipline code adopted by the board of education pursuant to paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section, it shall be an affirmative defense in the criminal action that the teacher or such other person was acting in good faith and in compliance with the conduct and discipline code and was not acting in a willful or wanton manner in violation of the conduct and discipline code.(d)
An act of a teacher or any other person shall not be considered child abuse pursuant to sections 18-6-401 (1) and 19-1-103 (1), C.R.S., if:(I)
The act was performed in good faith and in compliance with the conduct and discipline code adopted by the board of education pursuant to paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section; or(II)
The act was an appropriate expression of affection or emotional support, as determined by the board of education.(e)
A teacher or any other person who acts in good faith and in compliance with the conduct and discipline code adopted by the board of education pursuant to paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section shall not have his or her contract nonrenewed or be subject to any disciplinary proceedings, including dismissal, as a result of such lawful actions, nor shall the actions of the teacher or other person be reflected in any written evaluation or other personnel record concerning such teacher or other person. A teacher or any other person aggrieved by an alleged violation of this paragraph (e) may file a civil action in the appropriate district court within two years after the alleged violation.(10)
Compliance with safe school reporting requirements.(11)
Repealed.
Source:
Section 22-32-109.1 — Board of education - specific powers and duties - safe school plan - conduct and discipline code - safe school reporting requirements - school response framework - school resource officers - definitions, https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-22.pdf (accessed Oct. 20, 2023).
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